/*
 * Lumen Scholar Theme
 * Simple modern academic journal interface for OJS 3.3
 */

:root {
  --ls-ink: #111827;
  --ls-text: #374151;
  --ls-muted: #6b7280;
  --ls-line: #e5e7eb;
  --ls-bg: #f7f8fb;
  --ls-card: #ffffff;
  --ls-accent: #1f6feb;
  --ls-accent-dark: #174ea6;
  --ls-soft: #eef5ff;
  --ls-radius: 18px;
  --ls-radius-sm: 12px;
  --ls-shadow: 0 14px 40px rgba(17, 24, 39, .07);
}

body.ls-theme {
  margin: 0;
  background: var(--ls-bg) !important;
  color: var(--ls-text);
  font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.68;
  text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

.ls-theme a {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  transition: color .18s ease, background .18s ease, border .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}

.ls-theme a:hover,
.ls-theme a:focus {
  color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.ls-page {
  min-height: 100vh;
  background: var(--ls-bg);
  overflow-x: hidden;
}

.ls-header {
  background: #fff;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
}

.ls-header-main {
  background: #fff;
}

.ls-header-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  min-height: 86px;
  gap: 24px;
}

.ls-brand-area {
  float: none;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-width: 280px;
}

.ls-brand-wrap {
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.ls-brand {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 13px;
  min-height: 70px;
  height: auto;
  max-width: 470px;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
  white-space: normal;
}

.ls-brand-logo {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  flex: 0 0 50px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 14px;
  background: #fff;
}

.ls-brand-logo img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.ls-brand-text,
.ls-brand-title,
.ls-brand-meta {
  display: block;
}

.ls-brand-title {
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}

.ls-brand-meta {
  margin-top: 4px;
  color: var(--ls-muted);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 700;
  letter-spacing: .04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ls-toggle {
  margin-top: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 10px;
  background: #fff;
}

.ls-toggle .icon-bar {
  background: var(--ls-ink);
}

.ls-nav {
  float: none;
  border: 0;
}

.ls-primary-menu {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0;
}

.ls-primary-menu > li > a {
  padding: 31px 11px;
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
  background: transparent !important;
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ls-primary-menu > li > a:hover,
.ls-primary-menu > li > a:focus,
.ls-primary-menu > .active > a {
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
  background: transparent !important;
}

.ls-user-nav {
  float: right;
  margin-left: 12px;
  padding-top: 22px;
}

.ls-user-nav .nav {
  display: flex;
  gap: 6px;
  margin: 0;
}

.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a,
.ls-user-link {
  padding: 8px 11px !important;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
  background: #fff !important;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 700;
}

.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:hover,
.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:focus {
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
  border-color: #bfdbfe;
  background: var(--ls-soft) !important;
}

.ls-nav .dropdown-menu {
  padding: 8px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 14px;
  box-shadow: var(--ls-shadow);
}

.ls-nav .dropdown-menu > li > a {
  padding: 9px 12px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  color: var(--ls-text);
}

.ls-nav .dropdown-menu > li > a:hover,
.ls-nav .dropdown-menu > li > a:focus {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  background: var(--ls-soft);
}

.ls-hero {
  position: relative;
  padding: 44px 0 34px;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 12%, rgba(31, 111, 235, .10), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 92% 18%, rgba(20, 184, 166, .08), transparent 30%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f7f8fb 100%);
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
}

.ls-hero-card {
  position: relative;
  isolation: isolate;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
  gap: 28px;
  align-items: center;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 34px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(191, 219, 254, .75);
  border-radius: 26px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,.98) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.98) 48%, rgba(238,245,255,.95) 100%);
  box-shadow:
    0 22px 60px rgba(15, 23, 42, .09),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.9);
}

.ls-hero-card::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -90px;
  top: -110px;
  z-index: -1;
  width: 260px;
  height: 260px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(31,111,235,.18), rgba(31,111,235,0) 68%);
}

.ls-hero-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: -120px;
  bottom: -130px;
  z-index: -1;
  width: 280px;
  height: 280px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(20,184,166,.11), rgba(20,184,166,0) 70%);
}

.ls-kicker {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  padding: 7px 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 800;
  letter-spacing: .08em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.ls-hero h2 {
  max-width: 820px;
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-size: clamp(32px, 4vw, 52px);
  line-height: 1.08;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: -.04em;
}

.ls-hero-desc {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-top: 16px;
  color: var(--ls-muted);
  font-size: 17px;
  line-height: 1.72;
}

.ls-actions {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin-top: 24px;
}

.ls-actions .btn {
  padding: 11px 18px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.ls-btn-primary {
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-accent);
  background: var(--ls-accent);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.ls-btn-primary:hover,
.ls-btn-primary:focus {
  background: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  border-color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.ls-btn-secondary {
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
}

.ls-btn-secondary:hover,
.ls-btn-secondary:focus {
  border-color: #bfdbfe;
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

.ls-hero-mark {
  width: 136px;
  height: 136px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  padding: 16px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background: #fff;
}

.ls-hero-mark img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 100%;
  object-fit: contain;
}

.ls-content {
  padding-top: 34px;
  padding-bottom: 54px;
}

.ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
  min-height: 480px;
  padding: 30px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: var(--ls-radius);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 28px rgba(17,24,39,.04);
}

.ls-sidebar {
  padding-left: 26px;
}

.ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
#sidebar .pkp_block {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: var(--ls-radius-sm);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(17,24,39,.035);
}

#sidebar .pkp_block .title,
#sidebar .pkp_block h2,
#sidebar .pkp_block h3 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.page-header {
  margin-top: 0;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
}

.page-header h1,
.page-header h2,
.page-header h3,
.cmp_announcements h2,
.obj_issue_toc .heading h2 {
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: -.025em;
}

.obj_article_summary,
.obj_issue_summary,
.cmp_announcements .media,
.media {
  padding: 18px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: var(--ls-radius-sm);
  background: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(17,24,39,.035);
}

.obj_article_summary + .obj_article_summary,
.obj_issue_summary + .obj_issue_summary {
  margin-top: 14px;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a,
.obj_issue_summary .title a,
.media-heading a {
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a:hover,
.obj_issue_summary .title a:hover,
.media-heading a:hover {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
}

.obj_galley_link,
.galleys_links .btn,
.cmp_button,
.cmp_form .buttons button,
.page_search .submit button {
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-accent) !important;
  border-radius: 999px !important;
  background: var(--ls-accent) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.obj_galley_link:hover,
.galleys_links .btn:hover,
.cmp_button:hover,
.cmp_form .buttons button:hover,
.page_search .submit button:hover {
  background: var(--ls-accent-dark) !important;
  border-color: var(--ls-accent-dark) !important;
  color: #fff !important;
}

.ls-footer {
  position: relative;
  padding: 42px 0 30px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 10%, rgba(31,111,235,.08), transparent 26%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
  color: var(--ls-muted);
}

.ls-footer-card {
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 28px 30px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, .95);
  border-radius: 24px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.84);
  box-shadow:
    0 20px 55px rgba(15,23,42,.07),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.92);
}

.ls-footer-head {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 18px;
}

.ls-footer-title {
  display: block;
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1.3;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}

.ls-footer-title::after {
  content: "";
  display: block;
  width: 58px;
  height: 3px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ls-accent), rgba(31,111,235,0));
}

.ls-footer-custom {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-top: 20px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  color: var(--ls-text);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.7;
}

.ls-footer-custom p {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}

.ls-footer-custom p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ls-footer-custom a {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.ls-footer-custom a:hover,
.ls-footer-custom a:focus {
  color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
}

.ls-footer-custom img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 12px;
}

.ls-footer-custom iframe {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 180px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 16px;
}

.ls-footer-bottom {
  margin-top: 20px;
  padding-top: 16px;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  color: var(--ls-muted);
  font-size: 13px;
}

.ls-footer-bottom span {
  display: block;
}

.journal_index,
.site_header,
.user_navigation,
.navbar,
.header_view {
  background: transparent !important;
}

.no-padding {
  padding: 0;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .ls-header-row,
  .ls-hero-card {
    display: block;
  }

  .ls-brand-area {
    display: block;
  }

  .ls-nav {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .ls-primary-menu {
    display: block;
  }

  .ls-primary-menu > li > a {
    padding: 12px 0;
  }

  .ls-user-nav {
    float: none;
    margin-left: 0;
    padding: 12px 0 18px;
  }

  .ls-hero-mark {
    display: none;
  }

  .ls-sidebar {
    padding-left: 15px;
    margin-top: 22px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-header-row {
    min-height: auto;
  }

  .ls-brand {
    max-width: calc(100% - 66px);
    min-height: 72px;
  }

  .ls-brand-title {
    font-size: 17px;
  }

  .ls-hero {
    padding: 24px 0;
  }

  .ls-hero-card {
    padding: 24px;
    border-radius: 20px;
  }

  .ls-hero h2 {
    font-size: 30px;
  }

  .ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 22px;
  }
}


@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-footer {
    padding: 28px 0 22px;
  }

  .ls-footer-card {
    padding: 22px;
    border-radius: 20px;
  }

  .ls-footer-title {
    font-size: 18px;
  }
}



/* =========================================================
   Lumen Scholar Revision 02
   Sticky header, soft accent, editable clean footer.
   ========================================================= */

body.ls-theme {
  padding-top: 0;
}

.ls-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 9999;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(226, 232, 240, .78);
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(31,111,235,.10), rgba(20,184,166,.08), rgba(255,255,255,0)),
    rgba(255,255,255,.88) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 34px rgba(15, 23, 42, .07);
  backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(16px);
}

.ls-header::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #1f6feb 0%, #14b8a6 52%, rgba(31,111,235,0) 100%);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.ls-header-main {
  background: transparent !important;
}

.ls-header-row {
  min-height: 82px;
}

.ls-brand-logo {
  border-color: rgba(191, 219, 254, .95);
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f1f7ff 100%);
  box-shadow:
    0 10px 26px rgba(31,111,235,.12),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.9);
}

.ls-brand-title {
  color: #0f172a;
}

.ls-brand-meta {
  color: #64748b;
}

.ls-primary-menu > li > a {
  border-radius: 999px;
}

.ls-primary-menu > li > a:hover,
.ls-primary-menu > li > a:focus,
.ls-primary-menu > .active > a {
  background: rgba(239, 245, 255, .78) !important;
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a,
.ls-user-link {
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.66) !important;
}

.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:hover,
.ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:focus {
  background: var(--ls-soft) !important;
}

/* Footer is intentionally empty by default.
   It only displays content entered from OJS Page Footer. */
.ls-footer {
  padding: 46px 0 34px !important;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.85) !important;
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 10%, rgba(31,111,235,.08), transparent 26%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 15%, rgba(20,184,166,.07), transparent 28%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%) !important;
}

.ls-footer-card {
  min-height: 96px;
  padding: 28px 30px !important;
  border: 1px dashed rgba(148, 163, 184, .45) !important;
  border-radius: 24px !important;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,.92) 0%, rgba(248,251,255,.9) 100%) !important;
  box-shadow:
    0 18px 50px rgba(15,23,42,.06),
    inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.95) !important;
}

.ls-footer-card:empty {
  display: block;
}

.ls-footer-custom {
  margin: 0 !important;
  padding: 0 !important;
  border: 0 !important;
  color: var(--ls-text);
  font-size: 14.5px;
  line-height: 1.75;
}

.ls-footer-custom h1,
.ls-footer-custom h2,
.ls-footer-custom h3,
.ls-footer-custom h4 {
  margin-top: 0;
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: -.02em;
}

.ls-footer-custom p {
  margin: 0 0 10px;
}

.ls-footer-custom p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.ls-footer-custom a {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  font-weight: 750;
}

.ls-footer-custom a:hover,
.ls-footer-custom a:focus {
  color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
}

.ls-footer-custom img {
  max-width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  border-radius: 14px;
}

.ls-footer-custom iframe {
  width: 100% !important;
  max-width: 100%;
  min-height: 180px;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 16px;
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .ls-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
  }

  .ls-header-row {
    min-height: auto;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-footer {
    padding: 28px 0 22px !important;
  }

  .ls-footer-card {
    min-height: 78px;
    padding: 22px !important;
    border-radius: 20px !important;
  }
}



/* =========================================================
   Lumen Scholar Revision 03
   Soft editorial background, dark/light mode, back-to-top.
   ========================================================= */

:root,
html[data-ls-mode="light"] {
  --ls-ink: #111827;
  --ls-text: #374151;
  --ls-muted: #6b7280;
  --ls-line: #e5e7eb;
  --ls-bg: #f4f7fb;
  --ls-card: #ffffff;
  --ls-accent: #1f6feb;
  --ls-accent-dark: #174ea6;
  --ls-soft: #eef5ff;
  --ls-pattern-one: rgba(31,111,235,.085);
  --ls-pattern-two: rgba(20,184,166,.065);
  --ls-pattern-three: rgba(245,158,11,.055);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] {
  --ls-ink: #f8fafc;
  --ls-text: #d1d5db;
  --ls-muted: #94a3b8;
  --ls-line: rgba(148,163,184,.22);
  --ls-bg: #0b1120;
  --ls-card: #111827;
  --ls-accent: #60a5fa;
  --ls-accent-dark: #93c5fd;
  --ls-soft: rgba(96,165,250,.12);
  --ls-pattern-one: rgba(96,165,250,.18);
  --ls-pattern-two: rgba(20,184,166,.13);
  --ls-pattern-three: rgba(245,158,11,.08);
}

body.ls-theme {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 10% 7%, var(--ls-pattern-one), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 12%, var(--ls-pattern-two), transparent 30%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 48% 100%, var(--ls-pattern-three), transparent 34%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, var(--ls-bg) 0%, #eef2f7 100%) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] body.ls-theme {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 8%, var(--ls-pattern-one), transparent 30%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 16%, var(--ls-pattern-two), transparent 34%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 52% 100%, var(--ls-pattern-three), transparent 38%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, #070b14 0%, var(--ls-bg) 54%, #0f172a 100%) !important;
}

.ls-page {
  background: transparent !important;
}

.ls-header-actions {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px;
}

.ls-mode-toggle {
  width: 46px;
  height: 46px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.95);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(15,23,42,.06);
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform .18s ease, background .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, color .18s ease;
}

.ls-mode-toggle:hover,
.ls-mode-toggle:focus {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.35);
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  outline: none;
}

.ls-mode-toggle-icon {
  font-size: 18px;
  line-height: 1;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-header {
  border-bottom-color: rgba(148,163,184,.18);
  background:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(96,165,250,.14), rgba(20,184,166,.10), rgba(15,23,42,.72)),
    rgba(15,23,42,.84) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 34px rgba(0,0,0,.28);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-header-main,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-navbar,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-nav {
  background: transparent !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-brand-logo,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-hero-card,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-content .pkp_structure_main,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] #sidebar .pkp_block,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_article_summary,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_issue_summary,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .media,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-card {
  border-color: var(--ls-line) !important;
  background: rgba(17,24,39,.86) !important;
  color: var(--ls-text);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.22);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-hero {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 8% 12%, rgba(96,165,250,.14), transparent 28%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 92% 18%, rgba(20,184,166,.12), transparent 30%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(15,23,42,.25) 0%, rgba(15,23,42,.08) 100%) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-hero-card {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(17,24,39,.92) 0%, rgba(15,23,42,.92) 48%, rgba(30,41,59,.86) 100%) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-hero h2,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-brand-title,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .page-header h1,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .page-header h2,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .page-header h3,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-custom h1,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-custom h2,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-custom h3,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .pkp_block .title,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_article_summary .title a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_issue_summary .title a {
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-hero-desc,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-brand-meta,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-custom,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer-custom p,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-summary-authors,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_article_summary,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_issue_summary {
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-primary-menu > li > a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-nav .nav > li > a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-link {
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-nav .nav > li > a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-link,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-mode-toggle,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-btn-secondary {
  border-color: var(--ls-line) !important;
  background: rgba(15,23,42,.62) !important;
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-primary-menu > li > a:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-primary-menu > li > a:focus,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-primary-menu > .active > a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-user-nav .nav > li > a:focus,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-mode-toggle:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-mode-toggle:focus {
  background: rgba(96,165,250,.13) !important;
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-footer {
  background:
    radial-gradient(circle at 12% 10%, rgba(96,165,250,.12), transparent 26%),
    radial-gradient(circle at 88% 15%, rgba(20,184,166,.09), transparent 28%),
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(15,23,42,.08) 0%, rgba(15,23,42,.35) 100%) !important;
}

.ls-back-to-top {
  position: fixed;
  right: 24px;
  bottom: 26px;
  z-index: 10000;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border: 0;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ls-accent), var(--ls-accent-dark));
  color: #fff;
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(31,111,235,.26);
  cursor: pointer;
  opacity: 0;
  visibility: hidden;
  transform: translateY(12px);
  transition: opacity .2s ease, visibility .2s ease, transform .2s ease, box-shadow .2s ease;
}

.ls-back-to-top span {
  font-size: 22px;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1;
}

.ls-back-to-top.is-visible {
  opacity: 1;
  visibility: visible;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.ls-back-to-top:hover,
.ls-back-to-top:focus {
  box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(31,111,235,.34);
  outline: none;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-back-to-top {
  box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.35);
}

@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .ls-header-actions {
    justify-content: flex-start;
    padding: 12px 0 18px;
  }

  .ls-user-nav {
    padding: 0;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-mode-toggle {
    width: 42px;
    height: 42px;
  }

  .ls-back-to-top {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
  }
}



/* =========================================================
   Lumen Scholar Revision 04
   Floating dark/light button moved to bottom-left.
   ========================================================= */

.ls-floating-mode-toggle {
  position: fixed;
  left: 24px;
  bottom: 26px;
  z-index: 10000;
  width: 48px;
  height: 48px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.95);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,.92), rgba(238,245,255,.92));
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(15,23,42,.12);
  backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(12px);
}

.ls-floating-mode-toggle:hover,
.ls-floating-mode-toggle:focus {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.42);
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 20px 42px rgba(15,23,42,.16);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-floating-mode-toggle {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.28);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(15,23,42,.92), rgba(30,41,59,.88)) !important;
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.34);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-floating-mode-toggle:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-floating-mode-toggle:focus {
  background: rgba(96,165,250,.15) !important;
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-floating-mode-toggle {
    left: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
  }

  .ls-back-to-top {
    right: 18px;
    bottom: 18px;
  }
}



/* =========================================================
   Lumen Scholar Revision 05
   Mobile polish, article cards, sidebar polish, dark mode fixes.
   ========================================================= */

/* Main layout polish */
.ls-content {
  position: relative;
}

.ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
  -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

/* Article and issue cards */
.obj_article_summary,
.obj_issue_summary,
.cmp_announcements .media,
.media {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 22px !important;
  border-radius: 18px !important;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,.98), rgba(248,251,255,.96)) !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.95) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(15,23,42,.055) !important;
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}

.obj_article_summary::before,
.obj_issue_summary::before,
.cmp_announcements .media::before,
.media::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 4px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--ls-accent), rgba(20,184,166,.65));
  opacity: .78;
}

.obj_article_summary:hover,
.obj_issue_summary:hover,
.cmp_announcements .media:hover,
.media:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.28) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(15,23,42,.085) !important;
}

.obj_article_summary .title,
.obj_issue_summary .title,
.media-heading {
  margin-top: 0;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a,
.obj_issue_summary .title a,
.media-heading a,
.obj_article_details .title {
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
  font-weight: 850 !important;
  letter-spacing: -.015em;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.obj_article_summary .title a:hover,
.obj_issue_summary .title a:hover,
.media-heading a:hover {
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

.obj_article_summary .authors,
.obj_article_summary .article-summary-authors,
.obj_article_summary .authors-list,
.obj_issue_summary .series,
.obj_issue_summary .description,
.obj_article_summary .pages,
.obj_article_summary .doi,
.obj_article_summary .published,
.obj_article_details .authors,
.obj_article_details .item,
.obj_article_details .value {
  color: var(--ls-muted);
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 1.65;
}

.obj_article_summary .galleys_links,
.obj_article_summary .galley-links,
.obj_article_summary .btn-group,
.galleys_links {
  margin-top: 12px;
}

.obj_galley_link,
.galleys_links .btn,
.obj_article_summary .btn,
.obj_issue_summary .btn,
.cmp_button,
.cmp_form .buttons button,
.page_search .submit button {
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 8px 15px !important;
  border-radius: 999px !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 20px rgba(31,111,235,.16);
}

/* Sidebar polish */
.ls-sidebar {
  padding-left: 28px;
}

.ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
#sidebar .pkp_block {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
  padding: 20px !important;
  border-radius: 18px !important;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.95) !important;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.98), rgba(248,251,255,.94)) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(15,23,42,.055) !important;
}

.ls-sidebar .pkp_block::before,
#sidebar .pkp_block::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 0 auto 0;
  height: 3px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ls-accent), rgba(20,184,166,.72), rgba(31,111,235,0));
}

#sidebar .pkp_block .title,
#sidebar .pkp_block h2,
#sidebar .pkp_block h3,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block .title,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block h2,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block h3 {
  margin: 0 0 12px !important;
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
  font-size: 15px;
  font-weight: 850;
  letter-spacing: -.01em;
}

#sidebar .pkp_block ul,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block ul {
  padding-left: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
  list-style: none;
}

#sidebar .pkp_block li,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block li {
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.72);
}

#sidebar .pkp_block li:last-child,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block li:last-child {
  border-bottom: 0;
}

#sidebar .pkp_block li a,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block li a,
#sidebar .pkp_block a,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block a {
  color: var(--ls-text);
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

#sidebar .pkp_block li a:hover,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block li a:hover,
#sidebar .pkp_block a:hover,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block a:hover {
  color: var(--ls-accent);
}

/* Article detail and archive pages */
.obj_article_details .abstract,
.obj_article_details .item,
.page_article .article-details,
.page_article .main_entry,
.page_issue_archive .issues_archive,
.page_search .search_results {
  color: var(--ls-text);
}

.obj_article_details .abstract {
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background: rgba(248,251,255,.78);
}

.page_issue_archive .issues_archive > li,
.page_issue_archive .issues_archive .obj_issue_summary {
  margin-bottom: 16px;
}

/* Forms and tables */
.ls-theme .form-control,
.ls-theme input[type="text"],
.ls-theme input[type="email"],
.ls-theme input[type="password"],
.ls-theme input[type="search"],
.ls-theme select,
.ls-theme textarea {
  border-color: var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 12px;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.ls-theme .form-control:focus,
.ls-theme input[type="text"]:focus,
.ls-theme input[type="email"]:focus,
.ls-theme input[type="password"]:focus,
.ls-theme input[type="search"]:focus,
.ls-theme select:focus,
.ls-theme textarea:focus {
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.55);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(31,111,235,.12);
}

.ls-theme table {
  border-color: var(--ls-line);
}

.ls-theme table th {
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  background: rgba(238,245,255,.8);
}

/* Dark mode fixes for content-heavy pages */
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] body.ls-theme {
  color: var(--ls-text);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_article_summary,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_issue_summary,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .cmp_announcements .media,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .media {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(17,24,39,.95), rgba(15,23,42,.92)) !important;
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 18px 42px rgba(0,0,0,.26) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] #sidebar .pkp_block {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(17,24,39,.96), rgba(15,23,42,.92)) !important;
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .obj_article_details .abstract,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme table th {
  background: rgba(30,41,59,.72) !important;
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme .form-control,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme input[type="text"],
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme input[type="email"],
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme input[type="password"],
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme input[type="search"],
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme select,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme textarea {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24);
  background: rgba(15,23,42,.72);
  color: var(--ls-ink);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme table,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme table td,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme table th {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-theme table td {
  color: var(--ls-text);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .breadcrumb,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .breadcrumb a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .cmp_breadcrumbs,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .cmp_breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--ls-muted) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .page-header,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] #sidebar .pkp_block li,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-sidebar .pkp_block li,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] #sidebar .pkp_block .title,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-sidebar .pkp_block .title {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.22) !important;
}

/* Mobile polish */
@media (max-width: 991px) {
  .ls-header {
    position: sticky;
  }

  .ls-header-row {
    display: block !important;
    padding: 10px 0;
  }

  .ls-brand-area {
    width: 100%;
  }

  .ls-brand {
    min-height: 64px;
    padding-right: 58px;
  }

  .ls-toggle {
    position: absolute;
    right: 15px;
    top: 18px;
    margin: 0;
  }

  .ls-nav {
    clear: both;
    width: 100%;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
  }

  .ls-primary-menu {
    display: block !important;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 8px 0 0;
  }

  .ls-primary-menu > li {
    float: none;
  }

  .ls-primary-menu > li > a {
    display: block;
    padding: 11px 14px !important;
    border-radius: 12px;
  }

  .ls-user-nav {
    float: none;
    margin-left: 0 !important;
    padding: 8px 0 0 !important;
  }

  .ls-user-nav .nav {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .ls-content {
    padding-top: 24px;
  }

  .ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 24px !important;
  }

  .ls-sidebar {
    width: 100%;
    padding-left: 15px !important;
    margin-top: 22px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  body.ls-theme {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .ls-brand-logo {
    width: 46px;
    height: 46px;
    flex-basis: 46px;
    border-radius: 13px;
  }

  .ls-brand-title {
    font-size: 17px !important;
  }

  .ls-brand-meta {
    font-size: 10.5px;
  }

  .ls-hero {
    padding: 20px 0 22px !important;
  }

  .ls-hero-card {
    padding: 22px !important;
    border-radius: 20px !important;
  }

  .ls-kicker {
    font-size: 10px;
    padding: 6px 10px;
  }

  .ls-hero h2 {
    font-size: 28px !important;
    line-height: 1.12;
  }

  .ls-hero-desc {
    font-size: 15px;
  }

  .ls-actions {
    gap: 8px;
  }

  .ls-actions .btn {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: center;
  }

  .ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 20px !important;
    border-radius: 18px;
  }

  .obj_article_summary,
  .obj_issue_summary,
  .cmp_announcements .media,
  .media {
    padding: 18px !important;
    border-radius: 16px !important;
  }

  .obj_article_summary::before,
  .obj_issue_summary::before,
  .cmp_announcements .media::before,
  .media::before {
    width: 3px;
  }

  .ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
  #sidebar .pkp_block {
    padding: 18px !important;
    border-radius: 16px !important;
  }

  .page-header h1,
  .page-header h2,
  .page-header h3 {
    font-size: 24px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .ls-brand {
    gap: 10px;
  }

  .ls-brand-title {
    font-size: 16px !important;
  }

  .ls-brand-meta {
    letter-spacing: .03em;
  }

  .ls-hero h2 {
    font-size: 25px !important;
  }

  .ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
    padding: 18px !important;
  }
}



/* =========================================================
   Lumen Scholar Revision 07
   International reader features, DOI tools, citation polish,
   indexing badges, announcement cards, breadcrumbs, hover,
   and print-friendly article page.
   ========================================================= */

/* 1. Reading progress bar */
.ls-reading-progress {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  z-index: 12000;
  width: 100%;
  height: 3px;
  background: rgba(226, 232, 240, .55);
}

.ls-reading-progress span {
  display: block;
  width: 0;
  height: 100%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ls-accent), #14b8a6);
  box-shadow: 0 0 14px rgba(31,111,235,.35);
  transition: width .08s linear;
}

/* 2. Estimated reading time */
.ls-reading-time {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 4px 0 18px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(191, 219, 254, .75);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(238, 245, 255, .75);
  color: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 800;
}

.ls-reading-time::before {
  content: "";
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  margin-right: 8px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ls-accent);
}

/* 3. Copy DOI button */
.ls-copy-doi {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 30px;
  margin-left: 8px;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(31,111,235,.22);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: background .18s ease, color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, transform .18s ease;
}

.ls-copy-doi:hover,
.ls-copy-doi:focus {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.45);
  background: var(--ls-accent);
  color: #fff;
  outline: none;
}

/* 4 and 5. Citation tools and article action bar */
.ls-article-action-bar {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  gap: 10px;
  margin: 8px 0 24px;
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.95);
  border-radius: 18px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255,255,255,.96), rgba(248,251,255,.92));
  box-shadow: 0 12px 30px rgba(15,23,42,.05);
}

.ls-action-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 38px;
  padding: 9px 15px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: #fff;
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 850;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform .18s ease, background .18s ease, color .18s ease, border-color .18s ease;
}

.ls-action-link:hover,
.ls-action-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(-1px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.38);
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
  outline: none;
}

.ls-action-primary {
  border-color: var(--ls-accent);
  background: var(--ls-accent);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.ls-action-primary:hover,
.ls-action-primary:focus {
  background: var(--ls-accent-dark);
  color: #fff !important;
}

.ls-share-button {
  font-family: inherit;
}

.article-sidebar .panel,
.article-sidebar .list-group,
.article-sidebar .list-group-item,
.article-details .panel,
.article-details .item.citation,
.article-details .citation,
.article-details .how-to-cite,
.article-details .citation_display,
.article-details .citation_formats,
.article-details .citations {
  border-color: var(--ls-line) !important;
  border-radius: 18px !important;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.96) !important;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 28px rgba(15,23,42,.045);
}

.article-sidebar .panel-heading,
.article-details .panel-heading {
  border-color: var(--ls-line) !important;
  border-radius: 18px 18px 0 0 !important;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(238,245,255,.92), rgba(255,255,255,.95)) !important;
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.article-sidebar .list-group-item {
  border-color: rgba(226,232,240,.72) !important;
  color: var(--ls-text);
}

.article-sidebar .list-group-item strong,
.article-details .item .label,
.article-details .item > h3,
.article-details .item > h4 {
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-weight: 850;
}

.article-details .main_entry,
.article-details .abstract {
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.78;
}

/* 6. Indexing badge block for OJS custom blocks */
.ls-indexing-badges {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(132px, 1fr));
  gap: 12px;
  margin: 18px 0;
}

.ls-indexing-badges a,
.ls-indexing-badges span {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 54px;
  padding: 10px 12px;
  border: 1px solid var(--ls-line);
  border-radius: 16px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255,255,255,.98), rgba(248,251,255,.95));
  color: var(--ls-ink);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 850;
  text-align: center;
  text-decoration: none !important;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15,23,42,.045);
  transition: transform .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease;
}

.ls-indexing-badges a:hover,
.ls-indexing-badges a:focus {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  border-color: rgba(31,111,235,.35);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  box-shadow: 0 14px 30px rgba(15,23,42,.075);
}

.ls-indexing-badges img {
  max-width: 100%;
  max-height: 36px;
  object-fit: contain;
}

/* 7. Announcement card */
.cmp_announcements,
.page_announcements .cmp_announcements,
.obj_announcement_summary,
.obj_announcement_full {
  position: relative;
}

.obj_announcement_summary,
.obj_announcement_full,
.cmp_announcements .media {
  border-left: 0 !important;
}

.obj_announcement_summary::before,
.obj_announcement_full::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0 auto 0 0;
  width: 4px;
  border-radius: 18px 0 0 18px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #14b8a6, var(--ls-accent));
}

.obj_announcement_summary .date,
.obj_announcement_full .date {
  display: inline-flex;
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  padding: 5px 10px;
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: var(--ls-soft);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
  font-size: 12px;
  font-weight: 850;
}

.obj_announcement_summary .summary,
.obj_announcement_full .description {
  color: var(--ls-text);
  line-height: 1.75;
}

/* 8. Elegant breadcrumbs */
.breadcrumb,
.cmp_breadcrumbs,
.page_article .cmp_breadcrumbs,
.page_issue .cmp_breadcrumbs {
  margin: 0 0 18px;
  padding: 10px 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(226,232,240,.88);
  border-radius: 999px;
  background: rgba(255,255,255,.72);
  color: var(--ls-muted);
  font-size: 13px;
  box-shadow: 0 8px 22px rgba(15,23,42,.035);
}

.breadcrumb a,
.cmp_breadcrumbs a {
  color: var(--ls-muted) !important;
  font-weight: 750;
}

.breadcrumb a:hover,
.cmp_breadcrumbs a:hover {
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

/* 9. Modern hover effect */
.ls-content .pkp_structure_main,
.ls-sidebar .pkp_block,
#sidebar .pkp_block,
.obj_article_summary,
.obj_issue_summary,
.obj_announcement_summary,
.obj_announcement_full,
.article-sidebar .panel,
.article-details .abstract {
  will-change: transform;
}

.obj_article_summary,
.obj_issue_summary,
.obj_announcement_summary,
.obj_announcement_full {
  transition: transform .18s ease, box-shadow .18s ease, border-color .18s ease, background .18s ease;
}

.obj_article_summary:hover,
.obj_issue_summary:hover,
.obj_announcement_summary:hover,
.obj_announcement_full:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

/* 10. Print-friendly article page */
@media print {
  * {
    box-shadow: none !important;
    text-shadow: none !important;
  }

  body.ls-theme {
    background: #fff !important;
    color: #111 !important;
    font-size: 12pt;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }

  .ls-header,
  .ls-footer,
  .ls-reading-progress,
  .ls-mode-toggle,
  .ls-back-to-top,
  .ls-article-action-bar,
  .article-sidebar,
  #sidebar,
  .ls-sidebar,
  .galley_list,
  .galleys_links,
  .btn-group,
  .cmp_breadcrumbs,
  .breadcrumb {
    display: none !important;
  }

  .container,
  .pkp_structure_content,
  .ls-content,
  .pkp_structure_main,
  .ls-content .pkp_structure_main {
    width: 100% !important;
    max-width: 100% !important;
    margin: 0 !important;
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    background: #fff !important;
  }

  .article-details,
  .page_article {
    color: #111 !important;
  }

  .article-details h1,
  .article-details .page-header,
  .page-header h1 {
    margin: 0 0 16px !important;
    padding: 0 0 10px !important;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #999 !important;
    color: #111 !important;
    font-size: 20pt !important;
    line-height: 1.25 !important;
  }

  .article-details .abstract,
  .article-details .main_entry {
    padding: 0 !important;
    border: 0 !important;
    background: #fff !important;
    color: #111 !important;
  }

  a[href]::after {
    content: " (" attr(href) ")";
    font-size: 9pt;
    color: #555;
  }
}

/* Dark mode support for revision 07 */
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-reading-progress {
  background: rgba(148,163,184,.18);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-reading-time,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-article-action-bar,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-sidebar .panel,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-sidebar .list-group,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-sidebar .list-group-item,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .panel,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .citation,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .how-to-cite,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .citation_display,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .citation_formats,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .citations,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-indexing-badges a,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-indexing-badges span,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .breadcrumb,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .cmp_breadcrumbs {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24) !important;
  background: rgba(17,24,39,.86) !important;
  color: var(--ls-text) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-sidebar .panel-heading,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .article-details .panel-heading {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24) !important;
  background: rgba(30,41,59,.86) !important;
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-action-link {
  border-color: rgba(148,163,184,.24);
  background: rgba(15,23,42,.74);
  color: var(--ls-ink) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-action-link:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-action-link:focus {
  background: rgba(96,165,250,.13);
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-action-primary {
  background: var(--ls-accent) !important;
  color: #0b1120 !important;
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-copy-doi {
  border-color: rgba(96,165,250,.26);
  background: rgba(96,165,250,.12);
  color: var(--ls-accent);
}

html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-indexing-badges a:hover,
html[data-ls-mode="dark"] .ls-indexing-badges a:focus {
  border-color: rgba(96,165,250,.42) !important;
  color: var(--ls-accent) !important;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
  .ls-article-action-bar {
    padding: 12px;
  }

  .ls-action-link {
    flex: 1 1 100%;
    width: 100%;
  }

  .ls-copy-doi {
    margin: 8px 0 0;
  }

  .breadcrumb,
  .cmp_breadcrumbs {
    border-radius: 16px;
  }

  .ls-indexing-badges {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .ls-indexing-badges {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }
}